Link copied!

Nail guns are common on construction sites. Like any power tool, they can cause serious injuries if not used properly.

Most injuries happen when the gun discharges while being moved or repositioned, when nails hit knots or other nails and ricochet, or when someone is standing in the line of fire. The risk also increases a lot when the gun is set to bump fire mode.

Choosing the right type of trigger makes a big difference. A full sequential trigger (single shot) is the safest option. It lowers the risk of accidental discharge and double-firing. Contact trigger (bump fire or multi-shot) has a much higher injury risk. Most nail gun injuries happen when the bump fire is used. 

Sometimes bump fire is needed for high-volume, repetitive work to reduce strain injuries. Only experienced, skilled workers should use it, and extra controls should be put in place to manage the added risk.

Practical tips to reduce risk

Here are simple steps you can take on-site:

• Use full sequential trigger nail guns wherever possible
• When working at height, use a stable platform. Nail guns are designed for two hands and recoil when fired
• Don’t hold the nail gun above shoulder height
• Keep other workers clear of the work area
• Check timber for cracks, splits, or knots before firing
• Carry out pre-start checks. Make sure the actuation mechanism works properly, and the gun is in good condition
• Keep nail guns maintained and have faults repaired by a competent person. Under PUWER (Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998), employers are required to ensure work equipment is maintained in good working order — this includes nail guns
• If a gun is double-firing, sticking, or not working properly, remove it from service immediately, label it clearly, and arrange for repair by a competent person. Do not continue to use a defective tool
• Provide the right PPE, such as eye protection, hearing protection, and any other PPE recommended by manufacturers

Training and supervision

Make sure your team knows how to use nail guns safely:

• Provide proper training and instructions
• Develop and follow Safe Operating Procedures
• Follow the manufacturer’s manual, including what to do if the gun jams or malfunctions
• Only trained and competent carpenters should use nail guns
• Apprentices must be supervised

Nail guns are fast and efficient, but they’re not forgiving. Use the safest trigger, keep people clear, look after your gear, and don’t let untrained workers loose with one. That’s what prevents serious injuries.

Further Guidance

For more detailed information, the HSE has specific guidance on the safe use of nail guns, covering trigger types, incident causes, and eye protection requirements: HSE — Nail Guns

If you have any questions, please reach out to the HazardCo Team