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Digging into the ground might seem straightforward, but excavation work is actually one of the most dangerous parts of construction. That’s why it’s important to plan ahead and put the right safety measures in place to keep everyone safe on site.

Start with a solid plan

Before you get started, take time to plan things out. Planning means identifying the hazards, assessing the risks, and deciding suitable controls – with input from the team. Make sure an emergency plan is in place in case something goes wrong. Every site is different, so take its unique features into account when planning.

Watch out for these common excavation risks:

1. Securing the area
   Keep excavations securely fenced off with sturdy barriers that won’t give way if someone leans or falls against them. If you’re not actively working in or near the trench, cover it up or backfill it as soon as possible.
2. Falls from height
   If there’s a chance someone could fall into the excavation, that’s considered working at height. Make sure you’ve got the right safety controls in place such as edge protection, guardrails or barriers. Click here to see guidance on how to reduce fall risks.
3. Ground collapse
   This is one of the biggest dangers. Don’t assume the ground will stay stable. Use shoring, shielding, benching, or battering appropriate to the soil type and excavation depth to prevent it from caving in. Make sure a competent person inspects the excavation daily and after any event that could affect stability e.g. heavy rain.
4. Safe ways in and out
   Make sure workers have safe access and egress at all times. Keep ladders, ramps, stairs in good condition and ensure the bottom of the excavation is clear to allow a quick and easy exit if needed.
5. Underground and overhead services
   Always check for underground and overhead services before you dig. Use tools like beforeudig to locate underground services. Hidden services if struck can cause serious injury or worse.
6. Water in the trench
   Never let workers operate in a trench that has water pooling in it unless you’ve got the right safety controls in place such as dewatering methods, and a competent person has checked the excavation stability
7. Do you need to notify WorkSafe?
   Some excavation work must be notified to WorkSafe NZ before you begin. If that’s the case, fill out the Particular Hazardous Work notification form at least 24 hours before work begins. 

Keeping yourself and your team safe is what matters most. Make sure you’re clear on your responsibilities when it comes to managing excavation risks.

Need a hand? The HazardCo App has helpful resources for site reviews and risk controls. And if you’ve got questions or need support, just reach out to the HazardCo team – we’re here to help.